---
name: social-stratification
description: >-
  Reference card for social stratification: layered positions in education,
  occupation, wealth, status, and networks. Load when locating a person or group
  on structural coordinates without reducing them to a slogan.
id: social-stratification
layer: reference
scope: official
disciplines:
  - sociology
language: zh
tags: [class, status, mobility, inequality, education]
version: 0.1.0
metadata:
  openwisdom: true
---

# 社会分层 / Social Stratification

## Definition

社会分层指社会成员因资源、机会与声望的系统差异而被排列在相对稳定的位置层级上——常见轴包括经济资源、职业与技能、教育、权力、地位与社会关系网络。  
Social stratification is the relatively stable ranking of people into positions shaped by systematic differences in resources, opportunity, and prestige—along axes such as wealth, occupation/skills, education, power, status, and networks.

分层是**结构描述工具**：说明默认剧本与约束分布，不是对人的道德判决。  
Stratification is a structural description—default scripts and constraint distributions—not a moral verdict on persons.

经典文献方向：Weber 阶级—地位—政党多维分层；Bourdieu 资本形式与惯习；当代社会流动与不平等研究（教育、职业、财富）。

## When to use

- 场景 `personal-anchor` 标定「脚下是哪一层、同位置默认剧本是什么」时。  
  In `personal-anchor`, when marking stratum, coordinates, and default scripts for a position.
- 需要区分个人特质解释与结构位置解释，避免把一切写成鸡汤或命运时。  
  When separating personal traits from structural position without pure pep talk or fatalism.
- 比较教育、职业、城乡/区域、资产与网络如何共同约束「可动空间」时。  
  When education, occupation, region, assets, and networks jointly bound room to move.

**不要用于：** 标签羞辱、刻板印象攻击、或用单一收入数字替代多维位置。

## Core claims

1. **多维而非单轴** — 收入、财富、教育、职业权威、文化资本与网络可不同步；写清用了哪些轴。  
   Axes can diverge; state which dimensions you are using.
2. **位置带来默认剧本** — 同位置上的人常共享机会结构、风险暴露与身份期待，但不等于个人无差异。  
   Positions share opportunity structures and scripts without erasing individual variation.
3. **流动与再生产并存** — 分层既有代际/代内流动通道，也有封闭与再生产机制（门槛、匹配、信号、遗产）。  
   Mobility channels and closure/reproduction mechanisms coexist.
4. **关系性位置** — 地位常相对于参照群体；「上升/下降」依赖比较框架与时间尺度。  
   Status is relational; mobility claims need a comparison frame and time horizon.
5. **可观察描述优先** — 用可核对的指标（学历、职业类、资产约束、地理、照护负担）代替羞辱性标签。  
   Prefer checkable descriptors over pejorative labels.

## Limits

- **本质主义**：阶层位置解释约束，不把人写成不可改变的「类型」。  
  Positions explain constraints; people are not fixed essences.
- **单一指标崇拜**：只看收入或只看学历会漏掉权力、照护劳动与网络。  
  Income or diploma alone miss power, care labor, and networks.
- **跨语境硬套**：一国阶级图式不能无中介移植到另一制度环境。  
  Class schemas do not transplant without institutional mediation.
- **道德化滑坡**：描述不平等 ≠ 主张某一政治方案；分析与规范主张要分开写。  
  Description of inequality is not automatically a policy program.
- **数据边界**：无调查数据时用用户自述与可观察约束，不编造分位数。  
  Without survey data, use self-report and observables—do not invent percentiles.

## Notes

- 分析在用户自己的 coding agent 中运行，不在 Openwisdom 服务器上。  
  Analysis runs in the user's coding agent, not on Openwisdom servers.
- 本文件是 **reference**（理论卡片），由场景 skill 引用；不单独冒充完整工作流。  
  This is a reference card cited by scenario skills—not a full workflow.
- 涉及敏感身份时优先用户自述与可撤销措辞；不编造统计、客户或安装热度。  
  Prefer user self-description and revocable wording for sensitive identity; invent no stats, customers, or install heat.